HPV Accounted Towards Rising Cancer Cases Among Indian Youth: Researchers

HPV & rising cancer cases

By [Amiyapranaya N.B. Harichandan]

Photo: AmiyaPranaya N.B Harichandan

For many, the term “HPV” might sound unfamiliar or even intimidating. But Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is far more common—and potentially dangerous—than most people realize. It’s also largely preventable, which makes the rising concern around it even more urgent.

Across India, a growing number of cancer specialists are raising red flags about the sharp rise in cancers among young adults, especially those in their 20s and 30s. Many of these cases, experts say, are linked to HPV.

“We’re seeing more young individuals with HPV-related cancers today than ever before,” says Dr. Ashish Gupta, Chief of Medical Oncology at Amerix Cancer Hospital, New Delhi. “It’s heartbreaking, because so many of these cases could have been avoided with simple steps like early vaccination and awareness.”

What Exactly is HPV?

HPV is short for Human Papillomavirus, a group of over 100 viruses. While many strains are harmless and go away on their own, some high-risk types can stay in the body and cause cancer over time.

HPV is extremely common. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 80% of sexually active people will contract at least one type of HPV infection in their lifetime. Most people don’t even know they have it, as it usually doesn’t cause symptoms.

In India, cervical cancer alone—mostly caused by HPV—claims the lives of over 75,000 women each year. It is the second most common cancer among Indian women aged 15 to 44.

How Does It Spread?

HPV spreads primarily through vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Skin-to-skin contact is enough to transmit the virus, even when there are no visible symptoms. While condoms can lower the risk, they don’t offer complete protection, as the virus can affect areas not covered by a condom.

Even someone who has had sex with only one partner—and even if that partner shows no signs—can contract or transmit HPV.

What Can HPV Cause?

Most HPV infections go away on their own. However, some high-risk strains can cause serious health problems, including:

Cervical cancer
Cancers of the anus, penis, vagina, vulva, and throat
Genital warts

According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), more than 90% of cervical cancer cases are directly linked to HPV.

Can HPV Be Prevented?

Yes—and that’s the best part.

The HPV vaccine is safe, effective, and can prevent over 90% of HPV-related cancers when given before exposure to the virus. It’s recommended for both girls and boys aged 9 to 14, though older teens and young adults can also benefit.

Regular screening, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, is crucial—especially for women—to detect any changes before cancer develops.

A Call for Awareness and Action

The rise in HPV-related cancers among India’s youth is a warning sign we must not ignore. With nearly one-fourth of the world’s cervical cancer deaths occurring in India, the time for action is now.

India currently lacks a national HPV vaccination program, making the vaccine largely accessible only in private clinics. As a result, millions—especially in rural and underserved areas—miss out on this life-saving protection.

“Vaccination is key, but it’s not enough on its own,” Dr. Gupta stresses. “We need awareness campaigns, affordable access, regular screenings, and open conversations about sexual health.”

Parents, schools, healthcare providers, and policymakers all have a role to play. By encouraging HPV vaccination and breaking the silence around this virus, we can protect thousands of lives every year.

HPV may be invisible, but its threat is very real. Fortunately, so is the solution. Let’s act—before it’s too late.